How to un-sing a song.

Can you imagine a VYL or YL lesson without a song? I really hope you can’t😊 I should probably make a list of all the reasons why we need songs in EFL/ESL and see how many there are. Some other time.

The most important one for me is that a song, any song, is a plethora of words and structures sprinkled with some music. When, after a while you take away the music, your students, even the little ones are left with a discourse. Almost.

So while we listen to songs for pleasure and while we include them in our lessons just because they are fun, for me, the teacher, there is the secret agenda, the master plan, what the Tiggers do best…But before all that happens, a song needs to make an appearance. Or an entrance…

There are many ways of introducing a song.

When I was a little teacher, I always went through the same routine of introducing and practicing vocabulary and structures first and only when the kids were ready, I would ‘summarise’ it all with a song.

Not anymore.

Sometimes I start with the song because it already includes absolutely everything I need for a successful language presentation – lots of repetition, colours, gestures, even the written form. A good example here is ‘Do you like broccoli ice-cream?’.

Starting with a video is another solution. When I first found ‘What do you like to do?’, I wasn’t sure how to go about it because it included all these amazing verbs but there were so many of them that I would need a separate lesson to go through all of them and to prepare the kids for singing. I opted for the lazy teacher approach and we just watched the video first to simply enjoy the story the song is telling. I introduced the main structure then and verbs, in batches, as it were. The kids joined in singing with the verbs they had already known and slowly we filled in the gaps.

It is entirely up to you. This year, when this song was introduced, my students already knew ‘I can see’ from the previous units and all the verbs because we had used them in different games. I had to focus only on the names of the animals.

They can be introduced, with (electronic) flashcards, gestures or plastic animals, if you have them and this stage can be done (or in some cases even: should be done) in a separate lesson, to give the students a chance to become familiar and comfortable with them.

Then comes the song itself. You can simply just watch the video and listen to the song but there are certain advantages of playing the video with the sound off. This way, the kids can focus on the plot and the concept and the teacher can slowly introduce the lyrics, pausing and asking the students to repeat or to reply, again, depending on the group. Don’t forget about the gestures, too.

Afterwards comes the real proper song, this time, hopefully, with more students participating via gestures, humming or maybe even singing.

A song is never just for a lesson. It is a real waste not to reuse the old hits because the more we sing them, the better we know them and the more we can just enjoy them!

But this post is about the follow-up activities

These activities will be an opportunity for further language practice contributing to the song becoming ‘ours’ but they will also build the road to the world in which these verbs, animal names and ‘Can you…’ questions are just the language that the kids use, freely and creatively…

Here are some examples of the games and activities that can help achieve that.

One: Pelmanism game

In the classroom, we use small cards, colour-coded. In the online classroom, it takes only a moment to prepare a set of cards in your powerpoint or on the miro board.

In the beginning it might be a good idea to play teacher vs kids. The teacher picks one blue card and the students, in turns, choose one of the pink cards to be uncovered. The numbers make the game a little bit less challenging and in the online classroom they help the students make decisions and say which card they want. Once both cards are uncovered, the teacher starts singing ‘Little bird, little bird, can you swim?’ and the kids reply ‘No, I can’t’

When the kids are ready, they take over and choose both cards, still singing and practicing the key structure and vocabulary.

When my students got to the point when they were completely comfortable with the structure, we used the verb cards to interview all the other animals that we know, using flashcards or toy animals.

This can be easily done in the online classroom, too, because the teacher can use the google images, the finger puppets or just any toys that the kids have in their rooms.

Two: Handouts, homework or classwork.

To reinforce the knowledge of the lyrics of the song and also to check the kids knowledge of certain animals, I prepared a set of handouts. These can be set as homework, if the parents have the way of printing them, or they can become and activity that you do on the screen with the whole class.

Handout a focuses on the animals from the song, handout b takes the song out and uses the other animals that the kids know. Handout c can be done with the kids suggesting the animals and asking and answering questions about them. All three include people, too (I can, my mum can, my teacher can).

We normally circle the things that each animal can do but the same handout can be used to make affirmative (circle) and negative (cross) sentences about each animal, too.

Three: Dice game

This is a TPR game that can be used during the movement stage of the lesson, from the very beginning. It uses the same visuals as the handouts. The teacher rolls the dice and ask the kids the question ‘Can you clap?’ Kids answer ‘Yes, we can’ and mime the activity. After the first few rounds, the students take turns to roll the dice and ask the question. If the kids know more verbs, the original seven verbs can be replaced with some other activities.

Singing it or saying it?

During one of my first classroom research projects at university, I did look at the scaffolding techniques that a teacher (myself) uses at the different stages of using a song with little kids and it was only because of that research and the fact that I had to record my lessons and analyse them in detail that I could look at that issue and to find the exact answers.

It turned out that during the first lesson, all eight children were using the structures from the song in a creative communicative game but because it was a new song, all of them resorted to singing the question and the answer. A few lessons later, when everything was familiar, only one still preferred to sing. The other seven were already comfortable enough with asking the questions and answering them without the support of the music. This might be an indication for the teacher to start with singing but slowly move towards spoken language, allowing the students to transition whenever they are ready.

P.S. There is craft, too but this is a post for a different day😊

Happy teaching!

Links

Yes, I can. Super Simple Songs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ir0Mc6Qilo

Do you like broccoli ice-cream? Super Simple Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frN3nvhIHUk

What do you like to do? Super Simple Songs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nddRGDEKxA0

www.supersimple.com/song/yes-i-can Check out their websites for lots more handouts.

And here are the links to my handouts: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GywvxbJohMINsDV9jOymZwc7ZLC4WPB_

If you are interested in the topic of language production in pre-schooler, make sure you check out the posts on pairwork in pre-school, discourse clock, activities based on developing cognitive skills and Colourful Semantics in EFL.

VYL speaking activities and the cognitive skills development

Where to look for inspiration for pre-primary activities? Coursebooks will be probably the first point of reference for many of us, but not the only one. There are kids and their interests, too and this is how pets, favourite toys or books make an appearance in our lessons, Frozen and Co. There is the internet and what other people have created, used and share and we are really truly blessed to be teaching in the XXI century, with Instagram, Facebook and youtube. CLIL and ‘real subjects’ are another great source of inspiration even if our students learn English as a foreign language. Sometimes it also happens that we find some randomness and we really really really want to bring it to class and we design the whole lesson around a story, a glitter gun or our new puppet.

In this post I would like to focus on activities whose beginning and the main driving force was the development of the cognitive skills or, in other words, everything contributing to the development of the thinking skills: memory, focus, logic, connections, information processing, patterns etc.

Why?

  • Because our students are 3 or 4 or 5 and 6 and they are developing these skills anyway. Using that and applying activities and concepts they are familiar with in their ‘L1 life’ to benefit of our English lessons is something that we do. This is how songs, chants, stories, crafts and puppets took over our classes.
  • Because the kids will be drawn to them and motivated by this cognitive challenge. And this is how we are going to ‘trick’ them into producing the language.
  • Because it would be simple be a waste not to use them.

How to do it? Keep on reading.

Categorising

This is something that can easily be done very early in the game, with the level 1 students and even with the younger pre-primary. ‘It’s big’ and ‘it’s small’ is probably one of the easiest concepts to start with. ‘You can eat it’ and ‘you can’t eat it’ is another. This is what I always start with because it is easy to demonstrate and even the youngest students giggle when you demonstrate ‘eating’ a pencil or a schoolbag.

Later on, the time comes for more complex categories, either based on personal preferences (I like it / I don’t like it) or the knowledge of the world (it’s hot / it’s cold, it can swim / it can fly / it can run or you eat it / you drink it).

Another, very simple way of applying this principle is categorizing objects by colour. These can be any objects that the students are familiar with, for example toys. The activity presented here was created for a 3-year-old student and used during the first week of the course. It went very well, the student was responding to the teacher pointing at different objects and responding to simple questions ‘Is it blue?’ with ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ but by the end of the lesson he started to produce his first chunks such as ‘a yellow car’, ‘a yellow robot’.

Odd one out

The inspiration for this and the following activity came from the Cambridge Young Learners Exams. The language level of these activities is, of course, way above the abilities of a typical year 1 or year 2 pre-primary student. However, cognitively, these are the tasks that preschoolers adore – looking for differences, similarities and connections and they will certainly be able to say ‘It’s blue, it’s blue, it’s blue. It’s red’

Most of the original exam materials can be used in class but with all the magic of the miro board preparing a task adapted to the needs and the level of the particular group will literally take two minutes.

Find the difference

Again, this is a task that children are familiar with. However, the original exams tasks as well as the tasks intended for language practice might contain the language that is above the students’ level or might be too complex visually and too detailed, hence inappropriate. However, this problem can be solved quite easily by selecting two random illustrations of the topic of the unit ie the farm, as it has been done in the presented activity used in lesson with a 5 year old year 1 student (courtesy of pintrest.com and clipartart.com) and we produced sentences such as ‘I can see an orange cat’ and ‘I can see a grey cat’

I spy with my little eye

It is a great game that does not require any preparation or special materials because that involves only looking around, listening and speaking. However, in its original form, it might be a little bit challenging for the EFL kids whose dictionary is very basic. For that reason, we play this game in a different way, based on a poster or a set of flashcards depicting only familiar vocabulary.

The most basic version ‘I spy with my little eye…something big’ can be easily extended into ‘I spy with my little eye…something big and pink’ or even ‘I spy with my little eye…something big and pink. It’s in the water. I like it’. The kids will be listening and speaking and required to process more complex information in order to complete the task.

Shapes

For some reason, shapes, for some mysterious reason, are not one of the key topics in pre-primary coursebooks, despite their importance and general appeal. Luckily, it is easy to fill that gap and supplement.

You need to start with introducing the key vocabulary, at least the four basic shapes, but after this obstacle is dealt with, they can be used and referred to frequently. Creating familiar objects from shapes, counting them, calling out the colours is a fun activity and can be included in every unit, regardless of the topic. And we can look for shapes around us, in the classroom or in any picture we are dealing with.

Sequence 1

This is a great activity that is especially useful in the first lessons with the new vocabulary as it really helps with drilling the single words or words in sentences. In the beginning the sequences can be very simple and straightforward, for example ‘robot, teddy, robot, teddy’ (or ‘It’s a robot, it’s a teddy’) but not necessarily. There are a lot of opportunities here and the students themselves can be involved in creating these.

Sequence 2

Sequencing is not about figuring out and reciting what should go next but also which elements are missing in the set. In this lesson we were revising the foot items and there were four things in the set, something we eat, something we drink, something yummy and something good. We were counting and adding the missing elements. Later on, new sets were introduced and children were asked to say what is missing (something we drink) but they could choose their favourite drink ie milk, water, juice and so on.

P.S.

The basic overview of what cognitive skills are: here https://helpfulprofessor.com/cognitive-skills/

If you are interested in how the concepts change based on the level of cognitive skills of the human being, check out the 5 Levels series on youtube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcUey-DVYjk)

PPS

If you are interested in the topic of language production in pre-schooler, make sure you check out the posts on pairwork in pre-school, discourse clock, using songs and Colourful Semantics in EFL.

Early literacy online: when technology is on your side. Part 1: Reading

Switching to the online and making it your place could be, in my case, described as flying colours or one step forward two steps back, on different days. Nothing wrong with that, a new reality, transitioning is a part of the game.

But, surprise surprise, I love teaching literacy online!
1. It is easier to get the kids focused.

2. It is easier to keep the whole group on the task.

3. Adapting activities to the requirements of the online classroom is not that difficult.

4. I have been forced to get interested in many apps, online games and programmes that I have, stubbornly, avoided so far.

5. We are improving and are better at reading.

The wonders of the Miro board, any level of literacy skills.

My Big (online) Book of Words: first letter level

It has been our tradition with all the pre-primary groups to start our class Big Book of Words where we collect all the words we know, gluing new cards (word+image) at the end of the unit and choosing a letter to read in every lesson as a part of our class routine. Since we’ve moved online, this little tradition had to be updated, too, but it was quite easy because on the miro board you can pick any image and quickly, too. Whatever word your students bring up, you’ve got it!

Noughts and crosses online: the first letter/sound level

It is one of my favourite games and so no wonder that there must have been a way to adapt it to the needs of early literacy and, then, to the needs of early literacy online.

The advantages are obvious: the older kids are familiar with the game and its rules and it tasks only a moment to prepare, online or off and you can easily focus on the chosen letters or phonics. With the older students in groups we play in teams, the kids choose the box and give a word that starts with that sound/letter. Some of them still struggle, that’s why each box contains not only a letter but also a number. This is what we use to choose.

With the younger kids, we keep the competitive element out, we use a bigger grid and we simply colour it in.

Phonics stories: sentence level

Before the kids get to read for real, they need to practice on simple phonics stories. They are inlcuded in every coursebook, some of them are more interesting, some are less but there is always a way of getting a little bit more of them. After a few rounds of listening and reading the story from the coursebook (‘Mum jumps in the mud with the ducks’) and then words in different order, the teacher does a sort of a ‘substitution drill’, revealing more and more sentences with one different word to really encourage them to read. The key words can be underlined, too.

This activity can be followed up by the students creating their own similar sentences and the teacher typing them up on the whiteboard.

Quizlet quiz: sentence level

Instead of putting single words and images or single words and translations, we use definitions. Students read them together and try to guess what it is. Then we check! To make it more challenging and to turn it into a real quiz, you can ask the kids to write the words and check at the very end, award points.Or not.

True or false: sentence level

It only takes an illustration, one of the pictures in the coursebooks or in the Cambrige YLE Wordlist Picturebook or anything else available online and a set of sentences that the teacher prepares beforehand.

They can be written on post-it notes or have them covered by shapes to be removed, one by one and ask the kids to react to the text. If the sentence is true – they clap their hands, if the sentences is false – they raise a hand.

The activity can be extended into a writing a activity, too. If nothing else, they can type them up into the chat box for the rest of the group to read and react.

Shared reading: text level

Shared reading was one of our favourite activities this year, until we had to move online. Doing it online is a bit challenging since not many storybooks are available online.

Online phonics stories like those from the youtube channel English Singsing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C1qj06xduo&t=104s might be a solution but I have also started to use Barefoot Books, also on youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lrd0TiER_J0. We use them with the sound switched off and at the lower speed. This and the bouncing ball really helps the kids to focus and to follow the text with ease.

Useful websites

  1. Phonics Bloom https://www.phonicsbloom.com/
  2. Oxford Owl https://www.oxfordowl.co.uk/for-home/find-a-book/library-page
  3. Starfall https://www.starfall.com/h/ltr-classic/
  4. Reading A – Z https://www.readinga-z.com/phonics/decodable-books/
  5. Kidz Phonics https://www.kizphonics.com/materials/

Crumbs (#3): SwitchZoo Online!

Instructions

Go to www.switchzoo.com/zoo.htm.

Demonstrate for the students how you create an animal: choose the habitat, choose the head, the body and the tail.

Divide the students into teams, let them create their own animals and then present their animals.

The kids who are listening can also be involved by asking more questions, ‘interviewing’ the creators and the animal, depending on their level of English.

Print screen and save the animals. They can be used later in a bigger project – creating a zoo, describing the animals, writing the stories about them.

Make your own using MiroBoard!

Set it as homework, ask the kids to ‘compose’ their own animals and introduce them in the following lesson.

We loved it because…

First and foremost, it is a lot of fun.

It is a great follow-up activity to any language lessons on animals, habitats, body parts of even mythical creatures.

It makes kids want to talk and write about their creations.

The website is also a great tool to learn about animals, biology and geography, climate, habitats. You can build your own biome, listen to animal sounds or feed different animals.

Happy teaching!

Crumbs (#2): Cool homework ideas: Make Beliefs Comix

Instructions

Go to Make Beliefs Comix website (https://www.makebeliefscomix.com)

Click Create Your Comix and just create. There is a range of characters, balloons, prompts, objects, masks and backgrounds…

Save, print, send to your email and share with your students to read at home.

Use it in class in the following lesson. The easiest, no preparation tasks might be simple questions (ie What did the unicorn do? Where did the unicorn go? What was your favourite place? Where would you like to go?) but there is a lot more that can be done.  

We loved it because…

We can focus on practicing what we are learning at the moment and the teacher include all the tricky phrases and the words that no one likes and no one remembers.

We can make it as easy or as difficult and as long or as short as we want.

We can print it, save it on the desktop or send it via email.

We can include our names, our class puppets, jokes and stories and because it is about us, we want to read it.

We finally like to read!

P.S. I tried to make it in class, with my individual students, too but it was too time-consuming. Perhaps there is some potential for students creating their comix on their own, at home but that is something to do in the future.

P.P.S. Make Beliefs Comix has a lot more to offer. Make sure you check out the other bits, too.

Crumbs (#1): Cool homework ideas: drawing classes

Instructions:

  1. Get a drawing tutorial, like the one from Rob Biddulph (#DrawWithRob).
  2. Attempt to draw your own dinosaur aka Gregosaurus aka Matthew.
  3. Bring it to class and introduce Matthew to your kids. Let them ask questions.
  4. Share the video with kids, let them draw at home, colour and get ready to talk about their dinosaurs.
  5. Set aside enough time for everyone to present their creations.
  6. Ask questions, answer questions.
  7. Have fun and marvel at the amount of language that generates.

We loved it because…

  • It is a lot of additional exposure and listening skills practice outside of the classroom
  • The video was created for kids, not the efl/esl kids but they can still do it.
  • It is the first step to production, in speech or in writing.
  • We can learn how to draw (we, the teacher)
  • It is an additional task but the kids feel really motivated to do it.
  • We had fun and we will definitely do it again.

Ambiguity is the mother of…production. Maximising production in class.

A splotch is…a flower!

The beginning of this particular story was at best inconspicuous. We were finishing the food unit and to celebrate that, I decided to have a little party at the end of the final lesson. The parents were asked for permission, they approved of our food and at the end of the lesson, we got up, made a train, choo-chooed to the bathroom to wash the hands and then we just had fun. As luck would have it, one of the items on our ‘menu’ were the animal biscuits. Unfortunately (or, actually, very very fortunately) some of these animal-shaped biscuits were beyond recognition and it was not long before the kids started to ask questions and discuss what these mis-shapes could be…Naturally, some of it was in L1 but, amazingly enough, a lot happened in English, too. And this was the first time when I realized that ambiguity is the mother of production. Then I just had to figure out what to do with that next. Here are a few ideas…

A splotch is …a ball!

Stencils and inkblots can be one of the ways of getting started. Stencils can be easily found on the internet (if you google for example ‘animals stencils) but they can also be drawn and cut out of cardboard. Inkblots can easily made at home or in class. The idea has been also used in some of the songs by Super Simple Songs such as Knock, knock, Who are are You? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jxcWlq3CBg) or games such as Fruit Guessing Game (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVE9pYdwX-I&t=45s) so this can be the first step, too!

A splotch is…a cat!

Then, there are also jigsaw puzzles and half-pictures. Existing jigsaw puzzles depicting the key vocabulary will be the resource that first spring to mind but these might not be very easy to get and very often consist of very small pieces. English classroom jigsaw puzzles can be easily produced by photocopying the flashcards and cutting them up, into two or three pieces if the students are quite young. There will be another advantage of using the coursebook flashcards as students will be familiar with the images and that is going to make the task achievable. To make them more durable, they can be laminated before cutting. In class, the teacher can be showing only one of the pieces and encouraging the children to guess the word, before the students are asked to find the other missing pieces and putting the picture together.

One of the resources that is very useful and very easy to make and, I think, needs to have its place on a shelf in the VYL classroom is, what I call, a funky envelope. I have taken the idea from one of the older coursebooks I Spy which contained a template for a page with a keyhole that children could cut out and move against a picture and guess what they can see. I made it into an envelope made out of 2 A4 pieces cardboard stapled together, with different shapes cut out in one of them. I put inside the flashcards that we are using at the moment and then the fun begins. It is very easy to make and easy to manipulate, too.

A splotch is…a bee!

Whereas the funky envelope is usually used with the familiar images and flashcards, the post-it notes activity work better with unfamiliar pictures. A similar approach is used in the song What is it? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_sdGxUxz_4&t=114s) and some of the flashcard games on different platforms but it can be easily recreated in the classroom. Any poster, illustration in the coursebook, drawing or photograph can be used for that and the parts of these, covered by the teacher with post-it notes before the lesson can be used in a prediction game.

Equally fun will be a magic bag and some realia. Ideally, of course, they will be relevant to the topic of the unit ie plastic or real fruit, toys, plastic animals, school objects but I also like to throw in some unexpected distractor such as a plastic dinosaur among all the fruit. The teacher can either put only one of these in the bag and ask the students to guess the word, taking turns or guessing together. They can also fish out one of the objects and try to guess what it is, without taking it out of the bag.

A few tips

  • Make sure the kids have the language to participate in the activities ie introduce and practise the key vocabulary beforehand.
  • Introduce and practise the key question, too. ‘What is it?’ and ‘It’s…’ and ‘It’s not..’
  • Later on, consider introducing more advanced structures, too, such as ‘I think it is..’ or ‘It looks like…’ and ‘It is like…’. Providing these will be a good long-term plan and it will equip the students (and the teacher!) with the tool to clarify any confusion in the future.
  • Remember that saying what things are not is even more fun and important as guessing what they are. Don’t miss this chance to be creative and to produce even more language!

Happy teaching!

10 ways in which you can use gesture in your pre-primary classroom.

The Gesture is King!

How can you tell a VYL teacher?

It could be the Mary Poppins’ bag full of markers, stickers, a storybook and random treasures that they carry. It could be because you can catch them hum ‘Baby Shark’ or ‘Broccoli Ice-Cream’ while they think no one’s listening. It could be also that it is difficult to catch them in pretty tights and dresses because many an outfit was destroyed by clumsy little hands. By accident but irreversibly, too.

Look at the hands, too, a lot more expressive than those of an average teacher, hands that constantly gesture and motion, a habit that is difficult to drop even outside the classroom.

It is true that Total Physical Response stopped being the new black a few decades ago and nowadays referring to learning styles is looked down on or even mocked. Nonetheless, the gesture is one of the vital components of the pre-primary classroom, simply because it works and it helps the teacher and the students to communicate more effectively, especially if the students are 5-year-old beginners.

One: participation

Throughout their pre-primary adventure with English, the students will always be pre-A level but as the course progresses, their vocabulary range will grow. But in the first few weeks of the course those kids really are a clean slate. Thanks to gestures, however, they can participate and be involved in class activities.

They can for example wave ‘Hello’ and ‘Goodbye’ to the teacher or other children, silently, they can participate in ‘Head, shoulders, knees and toes’, touching or pointing at the correct body parts because they will be mimicking the teacher’s gestures and not because they know exactly which part of the body is the head and which ones are toes.

That is why including gestures will be important in the beginning of year although they can be used to the same effect at the start of each unit. Students, still not familiar with the new vocabulary, will react to it by miming ‘cat’, ‘dog’, ‘princess’, ‘sheriff’, ‘book’ etc. Before they are ready to produce the words orally.

Two: clarification

Little students cannot use a dictionary or translation into L1 because sometimes the teacher does not speak it. In that case, the teacher has limited resources to clarify the meaning of the new words. The visuals and the realia will help, of course, but adding gestures is definitely going to reinforce the meaning. Two hands together with palms touching and moving apart (a book), fingers of one hand scratching the air (a cat), the arm touching the nose and waving (an elephant and its trunk), a hand cupped around the nose (a clown), two hands touching above the head (a house) and so on…

Three: memorising

Almost automatically, adding these gestures will help to ensure that the kids will remember the words better. There is evidence that suggest that sign language and gestures in general active additional neurons and the information can be stored and retrieved more effectively.

Four: support for production

Once the gestures have been introduced and become a part of the classroom reality, they can be used by the teacher to support the language production by the students. While they are trying to answer a question or to make a sentence and if they experience any difficulty retrieving the word or the structure, instead of whispering the word or giving the L1 equivalent, the teacher can hint at the word by producing the familiar gesture, assisting the student but not actually saying the word.

Five: asking for clarification or support

Similarly, their use can also be extended to asking for clarification or support by the students themselves. Chances are that after the children have become familiar with the gestures used in class on daily basis, they will be using them actively, too.

This was one of the surprising discoveries I made during a classroom research for my MA degree. When a communication breakdown occurred, my five-year olds did resort to familiar gestures to ask for a word they wanted to use but forgot. They still remembered that the word ‘long’ was accompanied by two hands flying apart or that the word ‘sandwich’ was demonstrated by pressing two hands together, one on top of the other, even though the words themselves had not stuck in memory. The produced the gestures asking for my assistance and then, provided with the word, went on with the sentence.

Six: imagination, creativity and symbolic representation

The development of symbolic representation in pre-primary children is an important stage of their growth as human beings (Bruce 2004, p. 170) and introducing and using gestures is one of the ways in which a teacher of English can also contribute to it.

It is fascinating to observe how, at first, very young learners only imitate the teacher and reproduce the gestures exactly, as they are introduced and how, later, they move on to creating their own ways of representing certain words or phrases. And how the teacher can actually learn from the students here because their 5-year-old ways of miming a clock, a flower, a pumpkin or a melted ice-cream are much better and much more interesting!

Seven: instructions

This is, probably the most straightforward way, used from the very first minute of the course. The students, entering the classroom don’t know any English and can’t react to all the teacher’s instructions if they are not accompanied by some gestures: one or both hands being lowered for ‘sit down’, hands palms up being raised for ‘stand up’, waving the hand towards the chest for ‘come here’.

Eight: classroom management

Naturally, gestures can be used to praise the students or to show disapproval for any unwanted behaviour. Both thumbs up or a high five (or a double high five for really special occasions) show the teacher’s approval, both palms crossed at wrists might signal ‘stop’, the index finger put across the lips will work as ‘silence please’.

The gestures may vary, from class to class or even from culture to culture. What matters is that the teacher is consistent with the gestures they use with a specific group. Examples? For my youngest students the small waving hand (something similar to the way the Queen would wave hello) became a sign of warning, although I seriously doubt that anyone else would ever read it this way. For my group, however, it was closely related to our rewards chart, kids’ names on it and stars or smileys drawn next to them. Sometimes, during the lesson, I would indeed wave my hand slightly, to remind them that if they don’t stop misbehaving, I might erase one of their stars. And it worked, for us.

Nine: emotions

Knowing how your students are feeling is very important in general, but especially with the pre-primary children as their reactions and participation will be closely connected to whether they are happy, sad, angry or scared. The teacher should be able to read those emotions but children will also be taught to recognise and to express them, in English.

The first lessons will start from the the basic adjectives accompanied by gestures (a big smile and arms up in the air for ‘I’m happy’, a sad face and fingers drawing the tears rolling down the cheeks for ‘I’m sad’, a frown and stomping for ‘I’m angry’, eyes covered with both hands for ‘I’m scared’) but then more and more of them can be added. These emotions can help the teacher, too, for example to signal that they are happy with students’ achievements or sad when they are misbehaving…

Ten: bonding and creating a community in the classroom

Last but not least, everything that we do together in class, helps the children to bond and to create a community in the classroom, with its own rules and ‘traditions’. Not only songs or stories can be used that way but also all the miming games. They are easy, everyone can participate and they are a great stirrer, too.

After the teacher’s modelling and after everyone becomes familiar with the game, the kids, one at a time, are allowed to lead the game and to suggest what you all could mime. And this is when the real fun begins.

It doesn’t have to be very complicated, only the emotion adjectives and fruit, pets, school objects, anything you are studying at the moment. Have you ever tried to mime a cat? Probably yes. Have you ever tried to mime a happy cat, a sad cat, a sleepy cat? Yes? Then you should definitely try to mime an angry pencil then!

I wonder if I have managed to convince you, dear reader, that the gesture is the absolute king of the VYL world…

Happy teaching!

T.Bruce (2004), Using symblos,in: T. Bruce, Developing Learning in Early Childhood, London: Paul Chapman Publishing, pp 170 – 195

I want my flashcards please!

Kids in the online classroom: how to survive the transition.

Dear teacher!

The world sucks at the moment, oh yes, it does. Let’s just face it.

If, like me, you have always considered yourself a dinosaur teacher, who adores paper, flashcards, realia, toys, little cards, magic wands, running around, crayons, craft and storytelling and if, like me, you have done your best to stay away from technology in your classroom (well, apart from youtube, perhaps), you are not in the best of moods now.

However, here is some good news. First and foremost, you are a teacher and, I bet you, you are a great teacher. A resourceful teacher, a creative teacher, a dedicated teacher. A teacher who works hard to develop and get better and better and better. A teacher who is greeted with smiles and cheers by the students.

Dear teacher, you are going to be just fine and you are going to rock your lessons even in the virtual world. This is just the beginning of this journey and as we proceed, from week to week and from lesson to lesson, we are going to be getting better and everything that is not perfect (yet) should be considered hiccups and hiccups only. Not the end of the world.

I am not a great expert at teaching online. Not yet. Never wanted to be, either. But I will turn this horrible year into an opportunity to take the bull by the horns and to raise and shine.

Then, eventually, I will be back in my real classroom because this is where I belong. The sooner the better. In the meantime, however, I am just going to share with you some of the things that can be done in our online young learners lessons. Today: flashcards.

Scenario A: you have your own flashcards (from the bookshop, handmade, printed and/or printed and coloured-in from one of the websites).

Yes, yes, we are going to be developing technologically and we will be doing anyway but does it mean that we have to give up on the real flashcards? No, absolutely not. You can still use them while online.

Guessing game: it will have to be you versus the student or the whole class. When you are leading the game, hold the flashcards, as usual, and describe or mime the word. When it is the students’ turn, chose the flashcard without looking and bring it closer to the camera for the students to describe for you. For a more dramatic effect you can also close your eyes😊

Guessing game B: revise all the cards, repeat the more challenging words, too. Put the cards in a box or on the table, without looking at it. Encourage the kids to guess what it is, try guessing yourself, too. After a few seconds, say ‘Let’s check’ and uncover the card. Congratulate the students who guessed it.

Slow reveal: You can still use the funky envelope but your camera is your best friend here. What’s hidden – stays hidden but what slowly emerges from the left of right or top or bottom…is a lot of fun.

Left and right: works in the classroom, works online. Get a flashcard in your left hand, get another one in your right hand. When the hand is up, the students have to say the word.

Topsy-turvy: works in the classroom, works online. Put two flashcards back to back, turn them over in your hands a few times. When the students see the card, they say the word.

I can’t read: get a set of flashcards and a set of word cards (even easier to home-make these). Show the kids the flashcard and put a word card on it. Ask the kids to read the words and tell you if these match. To make it even more challenging and more fun you can create double-sided word cards (a regular word and a scrambled-up word). Put up the flashcard, add the scrambled-up word, ask the kids to read it, write it unscrambled in their notebooks and check immediately.

Scenario B: Your students can print their own flashcards at home

That is the optimal solution because then you can basically play any of the games that you have used so far in the classroom.

My bus is green: everyone colours their own cards and the variety can be used in different games a) to compare the buses  b) to play a guessing game (My secret bus is green)   c) to play a memory game after a few lessons, with the teacher taking notes secretly and then creating a worksheet or just making sentences ‘This bus is green’ ‘It is Max’s bus’

My favourite colours: ask the kids to choose one, two or three favourite colours, foods or words. First teacher, then students in turns, show one of their cards and say ‘I like pizza’. The other students who have chosen the same card, respond ‘Me, too’. Then, the students take turns to make their own sentences. It can also be played with three least favourite words.

Scenario C: The kids don’t have a printer at home

Draw your own: In a typical unit we usually get 8 – 10 words. Setting it all as homework will be a lot of drawing but after the first lesson, the kids can choose three favourite words to draw and during the homework check they will say what they have prepared and describe the words. During the second lesson, they can be asked to create three more words and then three more. This way you will not only guarantee a fun and varied homework and homework check but after the three lessons, each child will have a set of beautiful, personalized cards to play with in class and at home (which at this point in the game is the same place😊

Wordcards: same procedure but much easier to prepare but still, all the games can be played nonetheless. If your students are pre-primary and cannot write yet, you can make letter cards, instead of wordcards and in all the games you can focus on the first letter/sound.

Scenario D: The teacher wants to go high-tech

That solution is actually quite tempting and there are a few ways of going about that.

  • Use a pdf version of cards available from British Council https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/flashcards or www.esl-kids
  • Make your own pdf with images from clip art
  • Make your own animated powerpoint, words appearing and disappearing
  • Use quizlet.com. Whatever you create for your classes you can later share with kids and have them practise lots and lots at home
  • Use the videos available on youtube to introduce and practice vocabulary, for example English Singsing, Fun Kids English, WOW English TV, Dream English Kids, Maple Leaf Learning
  • Use Starters/Movers/Flyers Picture Wordlists. These are beautiful and can be downloaded for free.
  • Use the whiteboard and all its options on zoom.us (this will be a separate post, when I either master that option or ask my Teach Tech Guru to write a post).

PS Do take it easy and don’t try to become an online expert overnight. Start with whatever is less complicated, for you and for your students and then raise the level of challenge when everyone is ready for it.

Remember that variety is our favourite word anyway so mix and match! And have fun!

P.S. Everything is going to be alright. Eventually. Tudo vai dar certo. Wszystko będzie dobrze. Все будет хорошо.

Teaching children online: the basic tools

Without any lengthy introduction, here are some things that you might want to get ready to help you create magic and to make sure that your EFL Kingdom is as amazing online as it is in the real world.

You will need…

….a way of managing the group, starting and finishing an activity

It is not quite about a rewards chart. First of all, not everyone is a fan of these (but that is a topic for another conversation). Second of all, you might not even need it with some groups. My kids have, for example, have grown out of it. They know what is expected of them and I can proudly say that this kind of external motivation is no longer necessary in their case. And, in case you still need it, Class Dojo will come to the rescue here.

.a way of rewarding your students.

What I was thinking about, however, was a way of showing my appreciation for their efforts, hard work and creativity. I can still smile, I can still clap my hands, I can show thumbs up or give a virtual high five.

But, to make it more fun, you can also use a sound machine, with different sound effects and if you don’t have one, you can download your favourite sounds, free of charge, from one of the sound libraries, for example, zapsplat.com and use the sound of the cheering crowd to praise them or the sound of a crocodile growling to express your lack of approval in a fun way.

Some of the off-line tricks will still work here, 123 eyes on me or clapping your hands (to get their attention). As a virtual teacher you will also have the power of muting your students’ microphones to ensure that no one else is speaking but you (or, rather, that they can hear nothing else but you) but it still would be good to reinforce that with some visuals, too.

For that reason, I have prepared some road signs that we are going to use in our virtual class. They are pretty much universal around the world; the kids know them very well and you may have used them in the real classroom already. It’s best to start with a few basic ones, for example: Stop and Go, adding more with more specific symbols.

…a class puppet

If you have used one in the real classroom, it will be good to invite it into the virtual world, too, even if the kids will not be able to hug it or to play with it. Even if you won’t be able to throw it and catch it in the Q&A session, like we do with our Flying Cow. It is good to have it because it will help you preserve the continuity and, especially in case of the younger children, it can be very useful with getting their attention or giving instructions (‘Let’s listen to Teddy’)

Saying hello and goodbye to your puppet will also give the lesson a nice frame. Not to mention that this can also be a perfect opportunity to involve the kids. They are at home, so bringing their favourite toy to class is not going to be a problem and, once they get used to it, they can start taking turns in leading the hellos / goodbyes with their puppets.

So if you haven’t been using a puppet yet, get one asap!

…a set of flashcards.

In the classroom it ss super easy. The set simple comes with the coursebook and you can just use it, adding a few extras that the coursebooks authors have not thought of.

You can share the cards with your students’ parents, to print, colour and cut up and this way, each student will have a set during the lesson. Learn Kids from British Council has the basic sets if you don’t want to make your own set.

https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/flashcards

However, that option might not be valid for all the parents as they simply might not have the printer at home.

Another option is to make your own set with Quizlet and the advantages are that first you will be able to use it in class to present and practise the language but you can also share it with your students and they can play with it, later.

If you use Super Simple Songs with your students, don’t forget to check out their flashcards, too. They have a set of beautiful cards for every song! You can download and print them, of course, but you can also use the pdf version during the lesson in your virtual classroom. https://supersimple.com/content-type/flashcards/

Last but not least, if you can, have a set of real flashcards, too. They can come in very handy, too!

some ideas to get the kids out of their seats.

Whether they are at school already or only at kindergarten, our students are children and will need a mixture of settlers and stirrers that will help them remain focused and involved throughout the lesson.

You can play:

Abracadabra! In the classroom we do it with a magic wand but the good thing is that any (yes, any) pencil can easily become a magic wand! Abracadabra, 1..2..3..You are…a cat, a happy cat, a hungry monster, sleeping, flying… You don’t even need to get up for that!

Go to the Gym. Ask the kids to stand up, move the chair away and pretend that you are working out at the gym. Raise your arms… Wave your arms… Touch your knees… Touch your toes… Turn around…

Show me something green! Ask the kids to stand up and bring something green, yellow, pink, yellow and pink and show it to everyone else. You can ask ‘What colour is it?’ for all the kids to chorally answer ‘It’s green’

Touch your nose. A very easy game, if the students know body parts. It can be later extended by adding other verbs such as move, shake, clap, dance and freeze. In the real classroom we play it with the dice where 1 means clap, 2 means touch and so on. The kids can roll the dice and make a command for everyone to follow ie touch your nose, eyes, legs, clap your hands, feet etc.

Online, it is best to start with one verb and keep adding more, for the students to grow comfortable with them and not to overload them. Or the teacher can provide the verbs for each student. In the era of coronavirus it might also be better to replace touch with point, too.

Jump three times. This one is a more active game and it might be better to introduce it later when the kids get used familiar to the routine and the online reality.

Ask the kids to stand up and ask them to jump three times. Ask the students for suggestions: jump three times, five times, ten times…You can also introduce other verbs like skip, hop, sit down, walk on your toes etc.

Happy teaching!